Bjarni Herjolfsson and Leif Eriksson.
Vienna.
Waving mechanical arms on hilltops. See description in 'The Count of Monte Cristo'.
The island: Martinique?
Archduke Francis Ferdinand's car took one in Sarajevo in 1914, giving Gavrilo Princip the opportunity to assassinate him and leading to World War I.
Ian Fleming.
Department of Mathematics
http://www.math.ubc.ca/~israel University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada